Rock-paper-scissors is a game played all around the world. Ever since we were kids. we have relied on it to deal with disagreements with friends——from which channel to watch to who gets to eat the last ice Cream——all because we think the results are completely random.
But are they?
Wang Zhijian, PhD, a professor at Zhejiang University,believes that there is a regulation behind this simple game. So he gathered 360 students, divided them into
groups of six and had each group play 300 rounds of rock-paper-scissors, reported USA Today.
After the first results, Wang thought he was wrong, because players chose each of the three moves about one-third of the time, suggesting that the game is random after all. However, Wang later noticed a surprising regulation of behavior in the data. When players won a round, they usually stuck to the same choice. But when they
lost,they tended to change to a more powerful move. For example, if Player A had
just thrown down scissors to beat Player B's paper,Player A was more likely to throw down scissors again while Player B was likely to choose rock,since rock beats scissors. According to Wang, this might be a function that is called “conditional response”.
So, for the next step of his study, as he told BBC, Wang plans to do some research about how human brains make quick decisions when competing.
Now that you've learned how to predict the moves of your opponent, you’ll have an advantage next time you play rock-paper-scissors with your friends. But there is one problem:make sure they haven’t read about Wang's study, or your advantage
will disappear.
Also, Wang pointed out that his predictions were made depending on the results of the prior round, so when it comes to the very first round, it is always a matter of chance. This means that if you and your friends want to decide something by only one round, the study won’t be much help to you.
1.What does the underlined word “ random” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A.Equal (平等的)B. Amusing C. Unpredictable D. Strange
2.which of the following is TRUE about Wang Zhijian and his study?
A. He found a new game theory called ”conditional response”.
B.He asked 360 students to play a total of 300 rounds of rock-paper-scissors.
C.After studying the first several results, Wang discovered the pattern behind the game.
D.The study suggested that the traditional belief that rock-paper-scissors game is random is wrong.
3.According to the study, if play A has just used rock to beat Player B’s scissors, then A is more likely to choose and B is more likely to choose
A.rock;paper B. rock: scissors C. scissor; rock D. paper; scissors
4.What will Wang study about rock-paper-scissors in the future, according to the article?
A.The functions related to the game that are hard-wired into our brains.
B. How human brains make quick decisions when competing in the game.
C. The psychological behind the players who always win the game.
D. How to improve players’ ability to predict opponents’ moves.
1C 2D 3A 4B
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A wedding(婚礼) Invitation
You’re invited to the wedding of Carrie and Henry at St John’s Church(教堂), on Saturday January 24th at 3:30 p.m. and dinner at the Blue Sky Restaurant, at 6:00p.m.
R.S.V.P: December 29th
Dear Joe, I’m so excited and I have to enjoy the news with you. Today is December 23rd, I got a very special invitation from Carrie before Christmas Day(圣诞节). Do you remember the party for the Sydney group at Henry’s house? And do you remember my best friend, Carrie? Well, guess what? Carrie and Henry are getting married? It’s so romantic! Love is here! Carrie and Henry are having a big wedding at St. John’s Church. Monica and James are going to their wedding. Oh, I can’t wait to enjoy it. I got the invitation and it is for two people. Can you come to the wedding with me? Carrie and Henry are going to Suzhou for their honey moon(蜜月). I’m buying them a camera for their wedding. But before the wedding, I’d like to get my hair cool and buy a pink dress first. Call me at 9:00 a.m., on Friday, January 23rd, OK? Maria |
36. Maria got this wedding invitation from .
A. Carrie. B. Joe. C. Monica. D. James
37. Monica and James are taking part in the wedding on .
A. Friday morning. B. Friday afternoon. C. Saturday morning. D. Saturday afternoon.
38. What does “getting married” mean in Chinese?
A. 参加聚会 B. 过圣诞节 C. 做礼拜 D. 结婚
39. The friends to the wedding party are going to have dinner .
A. in Suzhou. B. at Henry’s house C. at St John’s Church D. at the Blue Sky Restaurant
40. From the invitation card, we know that .
A. Monica is having fun in Suzhou. B. they are having the wedding in January.
C. Monica is going to buy a camera for Joe D. the wedding dinner starts at 7:00 p.m.
Do you have pen pals? I have three pen pals from three different countries. They are Tom, Ella, and Molly.
Tom comes from Australia. His favorite subject is P.E., because he likes playing soccer best and he can play it in P.E. classes. He has a sister and a brother.
Ella is an American girl. Of all her subjects, she likes Chinese best. She often writes to me in Chinese. Her favorite sport is volleyball.
Molly lives in Tokyo. She likes learning Chinese, too. But her favorite subject is math. When she has time, she likes playing tennis best. She is a very clever girl.
I love them very much.
根据短文内容,将表格补充完整。
Name | From | Living place | Favorite subject | Favorite sport |
Tom | Australia | / | 1. ______ | soccer |
Ella | 2. _____ | / | Chinese | 3. _____ |
Molly | / | 4. ____ | 5. _____ | tennis |