What does it take to graduate from university? Some papers or high scores in exams? Well, these are not enough if you are a student at Tsinghua University.
According to a new rule of the university, students must prove (证明) themselves in the swimming pool. They need to pass a swimming test of at least 50 meters, and those who fail the test will be required to take a swimming course throughout their school years. By the time they graduate, they will have known how to swim; otherwise they can’t graduate with their bachelor’s degrees (学士学位).
The news made waves in Chinese social media (媒体). Some people praised the university for requiring a necessary skill that can save lives, and they also believed that the rule would help improve students’ health. However, others questioned if it was fair to expect those who come from inland cities (内陆城市) to be able to swim.
In fact, this is not a new rule. Tsinghua University first made swimming a requirement in 1919 but later gave it up because the number of students became too large and there were not enough swimming pools in the school for them to learn swimming.
Anyway it is still good news that Chinese students’ health has become more and more valued. Why not just take this chance to learn one more life-saving ability?
12. According to the passage, what does it take for a student to graduate from Tsinghua university?
A. Some papers. B. High scores in exams.
C. Passing a swimming test. D. All of the above.
13. The underlined phrase “made waves” in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________.
A. caused a heated discussion B. spread widely
C. made a requirement D. proved the rule
14. Why did Tsinghua University once give up the rule?
① Because many students failed the swimming test.
② Because some people disagreed with the rule.
③ Because there were too many students.
④ Because there were not enough swimming pools.
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④
15. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Different people hold different opinions about a new rule.
B. Tsinghua University has made a new rule of graduation.
C. Chinese students’ health should be more and more valued.
D. There is a new chance to learn another life-saving ability.
12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
短文大意:本文是新闻类阅读,介绍了清华大学的一项新规定,清华学生需通过50米游泳测试才能毕业,这一消息一经立即在社会上引发强烈关注。
12.题意:根据这篇文章,一个学生从清华大学毕业需要什么条件?考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段They need to pass a swimming test of at least 50 meters, and those who fail the test will be required to take a swimming course throughout their school years.可知,除了毕业论文和考高分外,清华学生必须通过至少50米的游泳测试才能毕业,ABC三项都是必须条件,故选D。
13.题意:第3段中的划线短语“make waves”很可能意味着_________。考查词义理解。划线短语make waves本意是“兴风作浪”,根据段中赞成和质疑两种态度的对比,可知这一消息在社会上引起了激烈的讨论,caused a heated discussion符合段意,故选A。
14.题意:为什么清华大学曾经放弃这一规则?①因为许多学生没有游泳测试。②因为一些人不同意这个规则。③因为有太多的学生。④因为没有足够的游泳池。考查细节判断。根据Tsinghua University first made swimming a requirement in 1919 but later gave it up because the number of students became too large and there were not enough swimming pools in the school for them to learn swimming.可知,后来由于学生人数过多,学校里没有足够的游泳池供他们学习游泳,清华大学放弃了这一规则,③④两点符合文意,故选C。
15.题意:这篇文章主要讲的是什么?考查文意理解。根据短文,可知本文报道的是清华学生需通过50米游泳测试才能毕业这一消息在社会上引发的强烈关注,Tsinghua University has made a new rule of graduation.符合文意,故选B。
1.审视标题,抓住中心
试题中有的文章有标题,有的没有,拟题人是有所考虑的。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。
它能给我们启发和想象,想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于对文章的理解,能提高做题的效率。
2.浏览全文,掌握全貌
如果时间紧,至少要快速通读全文,尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来,这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。
3.细读题目,抓住要点
对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后,要马上看短文后的问题,带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围,并注意所查找信息的特点。例如:
如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名,就应该找首字母大写的单词;如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字,就应该寻找具体的数据。
另外还要注意试题难易,应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目,先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目,也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。
而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目,需要再对全文快速阅读,仔细分析思考,反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。
若文章短可先读短文,后看文后题目;如果文章太长,你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍,带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念,提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。
要善于找关键句,特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话,往往就是关键句,可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌,理解文章的主题。
此外,还应该细读文章,因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记,把有关的画出来。凡逢人物就圈起来,看完一数,有几个圈就是几个人,一目了然。
4.细读文章,掌握细节
这次应细品,不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些记录,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因(即五个W:who, what, when, where, why)划出来。
经过这样的处理,你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹,对事态的发生、发展和解决有了更加深入的了解。
5.理解大意,初选答案
一般短文都设有五个题目,对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。
对那些深层理解的题目,应再查阅原文,但决不是简单重读,应找出依据,把所答案代入文中,再确定正误。
在确定答案时,对文章和题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思,切忌望文生义,作出错误的判断。
6.复读全文,核对答案
要用全文的主题思想统率各思考题,研究其内在的联系和逻辑关系,并依次审核那些未获解答的题,对照题目,推测判断,确保理解无误。
7.瞻前顾后,首尾突破
对一具体问题不要局限于一词一事,而应从短文整体考虑,从主线向外扩展,打开思路,前后上下对照。这样,可减少“钻牛角尖”和“繁琐分析”。而且,在中考试题中,即使是事实和细节题,也是“围绕或用以说明主旨和大意”的。大多数短文,尤其是新闻报道或议论文的第一段,或每段的第一句,常包含了全文的主要信息或基本观点;
而结尾部分常是结局或结论。寓言或幽默文字的结尾也往往是点晴之笔或值得玩味之处。
因此,抓住首尾往往抓住了主要矛盾,主要矛盾解决了,次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。
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