Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate (气候) change will have the biggest influence on the world’s poorest people. New research now suggests that has already happened over the past years.
A study coming out in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science found that in most poor countries, higher temperatures are more than 90% likely to have resulted in a fall in economic output (经济产量) , compared to a world without global (全球的) warming. The influence has been less big in richer countries—with some even benefiting (获益) from higher temperatures.
“We’re not saying that global warming created inequality (不公平) ,” says Noah S. Diffenbaugh, the writer of the study and a professor at Stanford University who studies climate change. But “global warming has slowed down the improvement”. The poorest countries are facing the worst influence of rising temperatures—for which they are least responsible, he adds.
The new study builds on past research. A 2015 study in the journal Nature predicted that the average income (平均收入)) in the poorest countries will be 25% lower by 2100 compared to a world without warming, while some of the richest countries—like the USA—could experience an increase in income. And a report from IPCC, the UN’s climate science body, showed that if global temperatures rise more than 1.5℃ by the end of the century, poor countries will likely face very serious challenges, including the disappearance of whole communities and millions of early deaths. “They will suffer the most, as they are already,” said Mary Robinson, who used to be a UN Special Envoy on Climate Change and a president of Ireland.
The influence is greater elsewhere, especially in Sub-Saharan, African countries including Sudan, Burkina Faso and Niger, where climate change has driven the average income more than 20% lower. “There are a number of ways by which temperature influences economic activities,” says Diffenbaugh What’s clear is that, for poor countries, the news is all bad.
1 . According to the text, warmer temperatures ________.
A . are mainly caused by poor countries B . may bring advantages to rich countries
C . had no influence on the world before D . can improve the poorest people’s health
2 . What does “ suffer ” underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean in Chinese?
A .供应 B .犹豫 C .遭受 D .谋利
3 . Which of the following will face great economic problems caused by climate change?
A . The UN. B . The USA . C . Ireland. D . Burkina Faso.
4 . What is the main idea of the text?
A . Climate change will make poor countries poorer. B . We must take action to deal with climate change.
C . Climate change can cause millions of early deaths. D . People make good predictions about climate change.
5 . From which is the text most probably taken?
A . A geography textbook. B . A health magazine.
C . A research paper. D . A storybook.
1 . B
2 . C
3 . D
4 . A
5 . C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了气温升高会对贫穷国家造成重大影响,使他们更加贫穷。
1 .细节理解题。根据 “The infl"uence has been less big in richer countries—with some even benefiting (获益) from higher temperatures.” 可知,在较富裕的国家,气候变化的影响较小,有些国家甚至从高温中获益。所以,气温升高可能会给富裕国家带来好处。故选 B 。
2 .词义猜测题。根据画线词后句 “as they are already.” 以及前文 “poor countries will likely face very serious challenges, including the disappearance of whole communities and millions of early deaths.” 可知,贫穷国家很可能面临非常严重的挑战,包括整个社区的消失和数百万人的过早死亡。所以,贫穷国家会遭受气温升高所带来的影响。画线词 suffer 意为 “ 遭受 ” ,故选 C 。
3 .细节判断题。根据 “The influence is greater elsewhere,especially in sub-Saharan, African driven the average income more than 20% lower.” 可知,布基纳法索(非洲国家)将面临由气候变化引起的重大经济问题。故选 D 。
4 .主旨大意题。根据 “Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate (气候) change will have the big influence on the world's poorest people.” 以及通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了气温升高会对贫穷国家造成重大影响,使他们更加贫穷。故选 A 。
5 .推理判断题。根据 “Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate (气候) change will have the big influence on the world's poorest people. New research now suggests that has already happened over the past years.” 可知,科学家们早就预测,气候变化导致的气温升高将对世界上最贫穷的人产生重大影响。新的研究表明,这种情况在过去几年已经发生了。本文最有可能来源于一篇研究论文。故选 C 。
登录并加入会员可无限制查看知识点解析
A wedding(婚礼) Invitation
You’re invited to the wedding of Carrie and Henry at St John’s Church(教堂), on Saturday January 24th at 3:30 p.m. and dinner at the Blue Sky Restaurant, at 6:00p.m.
R.S.V.P: December 29th
Dear Joe, I’m so excited and I have to enjoy the news with you. Today is December 23rd, I got a very special invitation from Carrie before Christmas Day(圣诞节). Do you remember the party for the Sydney group at Henry’s house? And do you remember my best friend, Carrie? Well, guess what? Carrie and Henry are getting married? It’s so romantic! Love is here! Carrie and Henry are having a big wedding at St. John’s Church. Monica and James are going to their wedding. Oh, I can’t wait to enjoy it. I got the invitation and it is for two people. Can you come to the wedding with me? Carrie and Henry are going to Suzhou for their honey moon(蜜月). I’m buying them a camera for their wedding. But before the wedding, I’d like to get my hair cool and buy a pink dress first. Call me at 9:00 a.m., on Friday, January 23rd, OK? Maria |
36. Maria got this wedding invitation from .
A. Carrie. B. Joe. C. Monica. D. James
37. Monica and James are taking part in the wedding on .
A. Friday morning. B. Friday afternoon. C. Saturday morning. D. Saturday afternoon.
38. What does “getting married” mean in Chinese?
A. 参加聚会 B. 过圣诞节 C. 做礼拜 D. 结婚
39. The friends to the wedding party are going to have dinner .
A. in Suzhou. B. at Henry’s house C. at St John’s Church D. at the Blue Sky Restaurant
40. From the invitation card, we know that .
A. Monica is having fun in Suzhou. B. they are having the wedding in January.
C. Monica is going to buy a camera for Joe D. the wedding dinner starts at 7:00 p.m.
Do you have pen pals? I have three pen pals from three different countries. They are Tom, Ella, and Molly.
Tom comes from Australia. His favorite subject is P.E., because he likes playing soccer best and he can play it in P.E. classes. He has a sister and a brother.
Ella is an American girl. Of all her subjects, she likes Chinese best. She often writes to me in Chinese. Her favorite sport is volleyball.
Molly lives in Tokyo. She likes learning Chinese, too. But her favorite subject is math. When she has time, she likes playing tennis best. She is a very clever girl.
I love them very much.
根据短文内容,将表格补充完整。
Name | From | Living place | Favorite subject | Favorite sport |
Tom | Australia | / | 1. ______ | soccer |
Ella | 2. _____ | / | Chinese | 3. _____ |
Molly | / | 4. ____ | 5. _____ | tennis |