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1.

Sit With Us

You’re at your new school. It’s lunch time, but you don’t have anyone to sit with. You want to join someone at their table, ___9___ you’re not sure if they’re friendly. What do you do? Natalie’s ___10___ of solving the problem was to create an app. She knows what it feels like to be alone at a new school. She found it difficult to make new friends and had to ___11___ a new table at lunch every day. If she sat ___12___ , she felt lonely. But if she asked to join someone and was ___13___ , she felt embarrassed. She created a lunch-planning app to help students like ___14___ find people to have lunch with.

The app — called Sit With Us — is ___15___ . If a student is having lunch in the afternoon, he or she can create an invitation. Other students can open the app and ___16___ that invitation. They can then use the app to decide when and where to ___17___ . This allows students to make ___18___ online instead of face-to-face. This is the reason why it works so ___19___ : it lowers the risk of being refused, and the embarrassment that goes along with it.

Natalie is ___20___ to see that people are replying to her app actively — especially those who suffer from bullying ( 遭受欺凌 ). Soon after she made her app available to the public, she won a prize for it. She ___21___ appeared in many news stories.

Natalie was even asked to speak at a university. In her ___22___ , Natalie wanted people to know that you don’t have to do something ___23___ to change lives. Sometimes, a simple thing — like having a friend to enjoy lunch with — can make all the difference.

9 A so B or C for D but

10 A habit B course C method D question

11 A search for B fix up C give out D get away from

12 A on time B in a hurry C by herself D in public

13 A called B refused C discussed D believed

14 A us B it C her D them

15 A cheap B simple C private D noisy

16 A miss B make C send D accept

17 A stop B study C meet D exercise

18 A plans B trouble C reports D dinner

19 A late B well C hard D loudly

20 A upset B sorry C happy D angry

21 A also B just C still D seldom

22 A book B talk C school D picture

23 A big B new C similar D enjoyable

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【答案】

D    10 C    11 A    12 C    13 B    14 C    15 B    16 D    17 C    18 A    19 B    20 C    21 A    22 B    23 A

【导语】本文主要介绍了纳塔利制作了一个名为 “Sit With Us” 的软件来帮助学生们找到一起吃午饭的人。

9 .句意:你想和某人同桌,但你不确定他们是否友好。

so 因此; or 否则; for 为了; but 但是。 想要与某人坐一张桌子 不确定他们是否友好 之间是转折关系,用 but 表转折。故选 D

10 .句意:纳塔利解决这个问题的方法是创建一个应用程序。

habit 习惯; course 课程; method 方法; question 问题。根据 “to create an app” 可知这是解决问题的方法。故选 C

11 .句意:她发现很难交到新朋友,每天午餐时都得找新桌子。

search for 寻找; fix up 修理; give out 分发; get away from 逃离。根据 “She found it difficult to make new friends” 可知交不到朋友,吃午餐要找没人的新桌子。故选 A

12 .句意:如果她一个人坐着,她会感到孤独。

on time 准时; in a hurry 匆忙; by herself 独自; in public 公开地,当众。根据 “she felt lonely” 可知感到孤独应是独自坐着。故选 C

13 .句意:但如果她请求加入别人而被拒绝,她会感到尴尬。

called 打电话; refused 拒绝; discussed 讨论; believed 相信。根据 “she felt embarrassed” 可推出想要加入别人但被拒绝了。故选 B

14 .句意:她创建了一个午餐计划应用程序,帮助像她这样的学生找到一起吃午餐的人。

us 我们; it 它; her 她; them 他们。根据上文多次提到 “she” 可推出是像她一样的学生。故选 C

15 .句意:这款名为 Sit With Us 的应用程序很简单。

cheap 便宜的; simple 简单的; private 私人的; noisy 喧闹的。根据 “This allows students to make ... online instead of face-to-face.” 可知这款应用程序很简单。故选 B

16 .句意:其他学生可以打开应用程序并接受邀请。

miss 错过; make 制作; send 发送; accept 接受。根据 “They can then use the app to decide when and where to ...” 可知接受了邀请才有确定时间和地点的可能。故选 D

17 .句意:然后,他们可以使用该应用程序来决定见面的时间和地点。

stop 停止; study 学习; meet 见面; exercise 锻炼。根据 “find people to have lunch with” 可知一起吃午餐需要见面。故选 C

18 .句意:这使得学生可以在网上制定计划,而不是面对面。

plans 计划; trouble 麻烦; reports 报告; dinner 晚餐。根据 “They can then use the app to decide when and where to ...” 可知此处指在网上制定计划。故选 A

19 .句意:这就是它如此有效的原因:它降低了被拒绝的风险,以及随之而来的尴尬。

late 晚; well 好; hard 努力地; loudly 大声地。根据 “it lowers the risk of being refused, and the embarrassment that goes along with it” 可知这款软件很好。故选 B

20 .句意:纳塔利很高兴看到人们积极回复她的应用程序,尤其是那些遭受欺凌的人。

upset 难过的; sorry 对不起的; happy 高兴的; angry 生气的。根据 “people are replyiher app actively — especially those who suffer from bullying” 可知软件受欢迎纳塔利很高兴。故选 C

21 .句意:她也出现在许多新闻报道中。

also 也; just 仅仅; still 依旧; seldom 极少。根据 “Soon after she made her app available to the public, she won a prize for it.” 可知赢得了奖项,也出现在新闻报道中。故选 A

22 .句意:在她的演讲中,娜塔莉想让人们知道,你不必做什么大事来改变生活。

book 书; talk 演讲; school 学校; picture 画作。根据 “Natalie was even asked to speak at a university.” 可知要演讲。故选 B

23 .句意:在她的演讲中,纳塔利想让人们知道,你不必做什么大事来改变生活。

big 大的; new 新的; similar 相似的; enjoyable 令人愉快的。根据 “Sometimes, a simple thing — like having a friend to enjoy lunch with — can make all the difference.” 可知不必做什么大事。故选 A

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科普知识与现代技术
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1.

How Much Can We Afford to Forget?

In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access (获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads?

Civilizations(文明)develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural(农业的)Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?

Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases(偏见),and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.

Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief-the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.

In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康)depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold.And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.

We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they’re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.

30·Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?

ABecause they go off course in testing and scoring.

BBecause we control the training process on them.

CBecause we offer them too much information.

DBecause they overuse the provided answers.

31The ease of accessing information from the Internet    ·

Afrees us from making efforts to learn new skills

B. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed

Cmisleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge

Dseparates the facts we have from those in the smart machines

32The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means‘‘—,,·

Aa sudden failure                                         Bthe basic rule

Ca disappointing start                                   Dthe gradual development

33What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?

ATo question about the standards of information storage.

BTo discuss our problems of communication with machines.

CTo stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.

DTo remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.

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1.

阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。

Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected

Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋). Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves(海浪)in the arctic waters.

The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.

On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice.

"We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks(裂缝)around," he remembers.

He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces

Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship's navigation(航行)system finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.

The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger.

Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters. As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.

34When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters?

35Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip?

36What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe?

37How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?

38What is Paragraph 7 mainly about?

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1.

    How did people tell the time before clocks were invented?

At first, the ancient people looked up at the sun and could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky. They also knew when it was morning or evening.

Later, the Egyptians used sticks. These sticks measured (测量) time during the day. The sun shone on the tall stick and the stick made a shadow (阴影). As the sun moved across the sky, the position (位置) of the shadow changed. This would let people tell what time it was.

Over time, the Chinese first used sundials instead of shadow sticks. The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers. Each number stands for an hour of the day. But sundials don't work at night or on a cloudy day! There are no shadows unless the sun is out.

Water clocks used water to measure time at night. Water dripped (滴落) slowly from one bowl into another. The level of the water in the bowls showed the time.

People also used sand-glasses. You may have seen one. Some games still use sand-glasses. The sand falls from the top of the sand-glasses to the bottom. It measures short amounts of the time. The more sand falls, the more time has passed. When the sand has finished falling, you have to turn the sand-glasses over.

11At first, the ancient people told the time by looking at ________.

Athe stick                 Bthe shadow             Cthe sun                   Dthe moon

12Which picture can be a "sundial"?

A    B  

C  D

13Sundials can be used to tell the time when it is ________.

Asunny                    Brainy                      Ccloudy                   Dsnowy

14Which is right according to the passage?

ASticks measured time in Egypt day and night.

BSundials were first used in ancient Egypt.

CSand-glasses usually measure a long time.   

DThe water clock told the time by the water level in the bowls.

15What's the main idea of the passage?

ASomething about sundials.                         

BHow to tell the time by looking at the sun.

CHow to tell the time in the past.                  

DSome inventions in China.

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1.

quiet, they, strong, interest, two, like, unless, choice, but, if, how

The secrets of self-control

A new book, the bestseller, Willpower, says that having strong willpower (意志力) is necessary to a successful life.

The book starts by describing a famous experiment: The Marshmallow (软糖) Test. In 1972, a psychology (心理学) professor Mischel tested the willpower of 600 kids. In the experiment, each child was left alone in a room for fifteen minutes with a marshmallow on a table in front of 26. They were given two 27: they could either eat the marshmallow or, if they waited fifteen minutes, they’d be given a 28marshmallow (and then they could eat both).

So, what did the kids do? 70% ate the first marshmallow within the fifteen minutes,29the other 30% showed willpower they didn’t eat the first one and waited for the second marshmallow 30.

Twenty years later, Mischel discovered something 31. He got in touch with the children and found that those with strong willpower were getting better marks at university, were better behaved and were more popular. So,32 important it is to have strong willpower!

But don’t worry 33 you aren’t good at controlling yourself. The authors say that willpower is like a muscle (肌肉). The more you exercise it, the 34 it gets. However, just 35 any muscle, your “willpower muscle” can get tired. So, if you have to do lots of things that need willpower, take a break. That way, you’ll build up your willpower again.

Lastly, the authors mention that people who learn foreign languages usually have a lot of willpower. So, congratulations!

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